Evaluating the Effects of Land Use Planning for Non-Point Source Pollution Based on a System Dynamics Approach in China

<div><p>Urbanization is proceeding rapidly in several developing countries such as China. This accelerating urbanization alters the existing land use types in a way that results in more Non-Point Source (NPS) pollution to local surface waters. Reasonable land use planning is necessary. This paper compares seven planning scenarios of a case study area, namely Wulijie, China, from the perspective of NPS pollution. A System Dynamics (SD) model was built for the comparison to adequately capture the planning complexity. These planning scenarios, which were developed by combining different land use intensities (LUIs) and construction speeds (CSs), were then simulated. The results show that compared to scenario S1 (business as usual) all other scenarios will introduce more NPS pollution (with an incremental rate of 22%-70%) to Wulijie. Scenario S6 was selected as the best because it induced relatively less NPS pollution while simultaneously maintaining a considerable development rate. Although LUIs represent a more critical factor compared to CSs, we conclude that both LUIs and CSs need to be taken into account to make the planning more environmentally friendly. Considering the power of SD in decision support, it is recommended that land use planning should take into consideration findings acquired from SD simulations.</p></div

Intelligent Robotics and Applications7th International Conference, ICIRA 2014, Guangzhou, China, December 17-20, 2014, Proceedings, Part II /

XXIV, 600 p. 424 illus.online resource

Data sources used for assignment and validation of the model.

<p>Note: specific settings of the model are shown in Table A in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0135572#pone.0135572.s005" target="_blank">S5 Text</a>.</p><p>Data sources used for assignment and validation of the model.</p

Dysfunction in interhemispheric inhibition and enhancement in patients with schizophrenia

背景此前有研究结果表明精神分裂症患者大脑左右两半球之间的协同功能下降；但临床神经心理研究结果提示大脑两半球的协同活动有互抑与互补两种形式。本研究旨在进一步探讨精神分裂症患者的大脑两半球互抑与互补两种协同功能是否均受损。方法30例精神分裂症患者和28名健康对照纳入研究，采用Stroop字图实验和注意广度实验分别测试大脑两半球的互抑及互补协同功能，用三视野速示法将图形伪随机呈现在左、中、右视野。实验中被试眼睛与电脑屏幕正中注视点保持水平，距离屏幕的距离为57cm。左、右侧视野的图形位置为水平距离正中点3°～6°视角，中间视野图形的位置为正中左右各1．5°视角，所有图形距离屏幕正中水平线上下各1．5°视角。①Stroop字图实验的图形为直径30mm的圆形或边长30mm的正方形，内有一个汉字“方”或“圆”。每次图形呈现的时间为66．7ms，要求被试又快又准地用按鼠标键的方式判断图形是圆形还是方形，计算机自动记录被试在每个图形判断上的正确与否以及反应时。②注意广度实验的图形是边长26mm的方框内散布着2～9个直径1．4mm的黑圆点，每次图形呈现的时间为130ms。要求被试报告图形中黑点的数目，由主试记录被试每次报告的结果。用斯皮尔曼分配法计算每个被试各个视野的注意广度。结果①Stroop字图实验：所有被试字图不一致图形的反应时长于字图一致图形（P〈0．001），中视野错误率高于左视野（P〈0．05）。患者组中视野错误率高于对照组（P〈0．05）。②注意广度实验：所有被试左、右视野的注意广度为中视野的1／2。患者组中视野注意广度较对照组差（P〈0．01），患者组大脑两半球互补协同功能及左半球的协同能力比正常组差（P〈0．05）。结论精神分裂症患者大脑两半球互抑及互补协同功能均受损，患者左半球的互补协同能力下降

Conceptual model of the land use-NPS pollution system.

<p>Note: “+” and “–” represent positive and negative feedbacks.</p

Flow diagram of the NPS pollution subsystem.

<p>Flow diagram of the NPS pollution subsystem.</p

Intelligent Robotics and Applications7th International Conference, ICIRA 2014, Guangzhou, China, December 17-20, 2014, Proceedings, Part I /

XXII, 514 p. 365 illus.online resource

Land use in Wulijie in 2010.

<p>Note: ^aOther land for construction includes urban and rural residential land, roads, railways, land for public facilities, <i>etc</i>.</p><p>^b Other land for non-construction includes water, woodland, grassland, <i>etc</i>.</p><p>Land use in Wulijie in 2010.</p

Flow diagram of the land use subsystem.

<p>Flow diagram of the land use subsystem.</p